Publications on International and European Co-operation

• 13/05/2013
  Letter from the ECB President to Ms Martina Anderson, MEP,  34 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 13/05/2013
  Letter from the ECB President to Ms Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, MEP,  88 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 13/05/2013
  Letter from the ECB President to Ms Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, MEP,  90 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 13/05/2013
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Auke Zijlstra, MEP,  46 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 13/05/2013
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Auke Zijlstra, MEP,  43 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 13/05/2013
  Letter from the ECB Vice-President to Mr Mario Borghezio, MEP,  57 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 04/04/2013
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nuno Melo, MEP,  61 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 04/04/2013
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Francesco Enrico Speroni, MEP,  56 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 15/03/2013
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Liêm Hoang Ngoc, MEP,  62 kb, en .  fr
  [online only]
  
• 28/01/2013
  Bank structural reform - Position of the Eurosystem on the Commission's consultation document,  62 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 17/01/2013
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, January 2013, pp 59-74, Intra-euro area trade linkages and external adjustment,  467 kb, en
  
• 09/01/2013
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Crescenzio Rivellini, MEP,  51 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 09/01/2013
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Sven Giegold, MEP,  58 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 04/12/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nuno Melo, MEP,  61 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 04/12/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Ms Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, MEP,  92 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 23/11/2012
  Letter from the ECB Vice-President to Mr Mario Borghezio, MEP,  63 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 15/11/2012
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, November 2012, pp 87-104, Recent economic and financial developments in EU candidate countries,  442 kb, en
  
• 15/11/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nuno Melo, MEP,  59 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 15/11/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Rareş-Lucian Niculescu, MEP,  74 kb, en .  ro
  [online only]
  
• 07/11/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nuno Melo, MEP,  55 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 07/11/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Lorenzo Fontana, MEP,  44 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 07/11/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Sven Giegold, MEP,  47 kb, de .  en
  [online only]
  
• 07/11/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Claudio Morganti, MEP,  53 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 07/11/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Ms Niki Tzavela, MEP,  55 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 02/08/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Roberts Zīle, MEP,  70 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 02/08/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nuno Teixeira, MEP,  33 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 11/07/2012
  The international role of the euro,  1600 kb, en
  [online only]
  Press release: en
• 04/07/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Mario Borghezio, MEP,  54 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 04/07/2012
  Second letter from the ECB President to Mr Mario Borghezio, MEP,  51 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 14/06/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr. Giommaria Uggias, Mr. Gianni Vattimo, Mr. Andrea Zanoni, and Mr. Niccolò Rinaldi, MEP,  41 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 14/06/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Ramon Tremosa-i-Balcells, MEP,  35 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 11/06/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Mario Borghezio, Member of the European Parliament on the role of ISDA,  42 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 24/05/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Oreste Rossi, Member of the European Parliament,  19 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 24/04/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nikolaos Chountis, Member of the European Parliament,  121 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 24/04/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Mario Borghezio, Member of the European Parliament,  19 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 24/04/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Francisco Sosa Wagner, Member of the European Parliament,  20 kb, en .  es
  [online only]
  
• 02/04/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Giegold, Member of the European Parliament, on the two three-year longer-term refinancing operations (LTROs),  28 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 15/03/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Chountis, Member of the European Parliament, on private sector participation in the restructuring of Greek debt,  183 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 05/03/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Salavrakos, Member of the European Parliament, on the use of €200 and €500 banknotes,  115 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 05/03/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Salavrakos, Member of the European Parliament, on the international role of the euro,  105 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 23/02/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Tremosa-i-Balcells, Member of the European Parliament,  21 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 23/02/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Rivellini and Mr Salatto, Members of the European Parliament,  17 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 23/02/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Wagner, Member of the European Parliament,  23 kb, en .  es
  [online only]
  
• 23/02/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Giegold, Member of the European Parliament,  27 kb, de .  en
  [online only]
  
• 27/01/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Ms Marisa Matias and Mr Miguel Portas, Members of the European Parliament,  35 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 18/01/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Mario Borghezio, Member of the European Parliament,  31 kb, en .  it
  
• 02/01/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Francisco Sosa Wagner, Member of the European Parliament,  20 kb, en .  es
  [online only]
  
• 02/01/2012
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nikolaos Chountis, Member of the European Parliament,  104 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 20/12/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Sven Giegold, Member of the European Parliament,  30 kb, de .  en
  
• 20/12/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nuno Melo, Member of the European Parliament,  22 kb, en .  pt
  
• 09/12/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Ms Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, Member of the European Parliament,  100 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 20/10/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Mario Borghezio, Member of the European Parliament,  26 kb, en .  it
  
• 19/10/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nikolaos Chountis, Member of the European Parliament,  123 kb, el .  en
  
• 05/08/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Ioannis A. Tsoukalas, Member of the European Parliament,  86 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 03/08/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr. Nuno Teixeira, Member of the European Parliament, regarding the exchange rate of the euro,  19 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 22/07/2011
  The international role of the euro,  1811 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 05/07/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Andreas Mölzer, Member of the European Parliament, relating to monetary policy and questions on inflation,  291 kb, de .  en
  [online only]
  
• 21/06/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Ms Marine Le Pen, Member of the European Parliament,  21 kb, en .  fr
  [online only]
  
• 16/06/2011
  BIS triennial survey 2010 - euro area data,  176 kb, en
  Assessment of foreign exchange and derivatives market activity [online only]
  
• 10/06/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nuno Melo, Member of the European Parliament,  22 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 10/06/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Mário David, Member of the European Parliament,  23 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 12/05/2011
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, May 2011, pp 87-97, The external representation of the EU and EMU,  171 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 19/04/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Ms Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, Member of the European Parliament,  117 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 19/04/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nuno Teixeira, Member of the European Parliament,  30 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 04/03/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Andreas Mölzer, Member of the European Parliament, concerning questions on transfers to the European Central Bank,  38 kb, de .  en
  [online only]
  
• 17/02/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nuno Melo, Member of the European Parliament, regarding questions on the international monetary system,  30 kb, en .  pt
  
• 14/02/2011
  Contribution of the Eurosystem to the public consultation of the European Commission on the communication "Towards a Single Market Act",  32 kb, en
  [online only]
  European Commission, Single Market Act (on ec.europa.eu): en
• 10/02/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Sven Giegold, Member of the European Parliament, regarding questions on the position of the European Central Bank regarding the Balz report in the European Parliament on the ECB’s Annual Report 2009,  35 kb, en
  
• 21/01/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Sven Giegold, Member of the European Parliament, regarding questions on the public debt of Member States of the European Union,  57 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 19/01/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Diogo Feio, Member of the European Parliament, regarding questions on the visit of a European Central Bank official to Portugal,  33 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 19/01/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nikolaos Chountis, Member of the European Parliament, regarding questions relating to a repayment extension for loans to Greece,  111 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 17/01/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nick Griffin, Member of the European Parliament, regarding questions on the printing of former currencies by euro area countries,  37 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 14/01/2011
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nuno Melo, Member of the European Parliament, regarding a question on the assumption by the Portuguese state of the financial liabilities of Banco Português de Negócios,  32 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 08/12/2010
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Crescenzio Rivellini, Member of the European Parliament, regarding questions related to the European economic strategy regarding China’s monetary policy,  40 kb, en .  it
  [online only]
  
• 02/12/2010
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Diogo Feio, Member of the European Parliament, regarding press reports pertaining to Greece.,  31 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 15/07/2010
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, July 2010, pp 67-83, The effectiveness of euro area fiscal policies,  252 kb, en
  
• 14/07/2010
  The international role of the euro,  4372 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 07/07/2010
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Ioannis A. Tsoukalas, Member of the European Parliament, on questions related to the Greek crisis,  146 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 28/06/2010
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Andreas Mölzer, Member of the European Parliament, regarding questions related to the governance of the euro area,  75 kb, de .  en
  [online only]
  
• 17/06/2010
  Reinforcing economic governance in the euro area,  77 kb, en
  The ECB's Governing Council proposals to strengthen decisively governance and enforcement structures in the economic policy framework of the euro area [online only]
  
• 17/06/2010
  Letter from the ECB President to the President of the European Council, Mr. Herman Van Rompuy, presenting the ECB's Governing Council proposals for reinforcing economic governance in the euro area,  31 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 21/05/2010
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Paulo Rangel, Member of the European Parliament, regarding structural reforms,  12 kb, en .  pt
  
• 24/03/2010
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nikolaos Chountis, Member of the European Parliament, regarding credit rating agencies,  134 kb, el .  en
  
• 16/03/2010
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr. Nuno Melo, Member of the European Parliament, concerning the increase in the capital of Banco Português de Negócios (BPN),  9 kb, en .  pt
  
• 12/03/2010
  Strenghtening macro and micro-prudential supervision in EU candidates and potential candidates,  7092 kb, en
  [online only]
  Press release: en
• 11/03/2010
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Diogo Feio, Member of the European Parliament, regarding the economic situation in Portugal,  35 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 18/02/2010
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr. Nikolaos Chountis, Member of the European Parliament, related to the income of Mr. Provopoulos, Governor of the Bank of Greece,  112 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 02/02/2010
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr. Nuno Melo, Member of the European Parliament, concerning the increase in the capital of Banco Português de Negócios (BPN),  157 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 21/01/2010
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, January 2010, pp 73-84, The ECB's relations with European Union institutions and bodies – trends and prospects,  260 kb, de .  en .  es .  fr .  it
  
• 14/01/2010
  Contribution of the Eurosystem to the public consultation of the European Commission on the future “EU 2020” strategy,  40 kb, en
  
• 22/10/2009
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr. Jim Higgins, Member of the European Parliament, concerning the ECB's considerations on issuing a €30 banknote,  31 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 16/10/2009
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr. Jim Higgins, Member of the European Parliament, concerning consumer protection and banking practices in Spain,  31 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 08/07/2009
  The international role of the euro,  2081 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 15/05/2009
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Ashley Mote, Member of the European Parliament,  52 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 14/05/2009
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, May 2009, pp91-106, Five years of EU membership,  243 kb, en
  
• 26/03/2009
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Eoin Ryan, Member of the European Parliament, concerning the recent widening of spreads between euro area government bond yields,  38 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 16/03/2009
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Manolis Mavrommatis, Member of the European Parliament, regarding the issuance of low denomination euro banknotes,  109 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 12/03/2009
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Dimitrios Papadimoulis, Member of the European Parliament,  189 kb, el .  en
  [online only]
  
• 12/03/2009
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr José Ribeiro e Castro, Member of the European Parliament,  15 kb, en .  pt
  [online only]
  
• 12/02/2009
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, February 2009, pp.85-101, Assessing global trends in protectionism,  258 kb, en
  
• 28/01/2009
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr. Robert Sturdy, Member of the European Parliament,  27 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 22/01/2009
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, January 2009, pp.73-85, Foreign asset accumulation by authorities in emerging markets,  226 kb, en
  
• 28/10/2008
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Ashley Mote, Member of the European Parliament,  213 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 28/10/2008
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Mario Borghezio, Member of the European Parliament,  451 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 15/07/2008
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Ashley Mote, Member of the European Parliament,  261 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 15/07/2008
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Dimitrios Papadimoulis, Member of the European Parliament,  617 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 10/07/2008
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, July 2008, p.79-92, Euro area trade in services: some key stylised facts, ECB Monthly Bulletin article,  263 kb, en
  
• 10/07/2008
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, July 2008, p.93-104, The Eurosystem as a provider of technical assistance to EU neighbouring regions, ECB Monthly Bulletin article,  208 kb, en
  
• 09/07/2008
  The international role of the euro,  923 kb, en
  [online only]
  Press release: en
  Supplementary data: Currency breakdown of exports and imports of selected EU countries: en
• 20/06/2008
  Research Bulletin No:7,  764 kb, en
  
• 20/06/2008
  Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation between the Financial Supervisory Authorities, Central Banks and Finance Ministries of the EU on Cross-Border Financial Stability,  307 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 09/08/2007
  Letter from the ECB's President to the President of the Council of the European Union on the clarification of the institutional status of the ECB,  30 kb, en
  
• 25/06/2007
  Review of the international role of the euro,  1212 kb, en
  Press release: en
  Supplementary data: Currency breakdown of exports and imports of selected EU countries: en
• 15/02/2007
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, February 2007, p.85-94, Migrant remittances to regions neighbouring the EU,  319 kb, en
  
• 30/01/2007
  Letter from the ECB President to Ms Pervenche Berès Chairwoman of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, European Parliament,  1677 kb, en .  fr
  
• 30/01/2007
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Jean-Marie Cavada, Chairman of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, European Parliament,  1669 kb, en .  fr
  
• 18/01/2007
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, January 2007, p.77-87, Putting China's economic expansion in perspective,  244 kb, en
  
• 21/12/2005
  Review of the international role of the euro,  1772 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 17/11/2005
  Green paper on the enhancement of the EU framework for investment funds. Eurosystem contribution to the Commission's public consultation,  67 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 10/11/2005
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, November 2005, p.91-99, Economic and financial relations between the euro area and Russia,  134 kb, en
  
• 11/08/2005
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, August 2005, p.75-83, The role of ‘Emerging Asia’ in the global economy,  112 kb, en
  
• 13/06/2005
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Nikolaos Vakalis, Member of the European Parliament,  1260 kb, en
  [online only]
  
• 25/05/2005
  Regional economic integration in a global framework,  2658 kb, en
  Proceedings of the G20 Workshop held in Beijing, 22-23 September 2004
  Press release: en
• 20/01/2005
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, January 2005, p.59-73, Financial flows to emerging market economies: Changing patterns and recent developments,  198 kb, en
  
• 07/01/2005
  Review of the international role of the euro,  919 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 29/11/2004
  Letter from the ECB President to Mr Paolo Cirino Pomicino, Member of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs,  67 kb, en
  
• 26/11/2004
  Letter from the ECB President to the President of the European Parliament,  361 kb, en
  
• 14/10/2004
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, October 2004, p.67-84, Economic integration in selected regions outside the European Union,  170 kb, en
  
• 27/04/2004
  Letter from the ECB President to the President of the Council of the European Union: Negotiations on the draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe,  30 kb, en
  
• 15/04/2004
  Payment and securities settlement systems in the European Union - Addendum incorporating 2002 figures (Blue Book, April 2004),  1430 kb, en
  Press release: en
  Additional information and data: en
• 15/04/2004
  Payment and securities settlement systems in the accession countries - Addendum incorporating 2002 figures (Blue Book, April 2004),  1301 kb, en
  Press release: en
  Additional information and data: en
• 13/04/2004
  Article, Monthly Bulletin April 2004, p.67-75, The Barcelona partner countries and their relations with the euro area,  125 kb, en
  
• 12/02/2004
  Article, Monthly Bulletin February 2004, p.45-56, The Aceeding Countries' economies on the threshold of the European Union,  182 kb, en
  
• 18/12/2003
  Policy position of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank on exchange rate issues relating to the acceding countries,  67 kb, cs .  da .  de .  el .  en .  es .  et .  fi .  fr .  hu .  it .  lt .  lv .  mt .  nl .  pl .  pt .  sk .  sl .  sv
  Press release: en . cs . da . de . el . es . et . fi . fr . hu . it . lt . lv . mt . nl . pl . pt . sk . sl . sv
  
• 17/12/2003
  Review of the international role of the euro,  391 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 13/11/2003
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, November 2003, p.59-70, Crisis resolution in emerging market economies,  100 kb, en
  
• 13/11/2003
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, November 2003, p.71-79, The international role of the euro: main developments since the inception of Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union,  97 kb, en
  
• 06/10/2003
  Bond markets and long-term interest rates in European Union accession countries / 2003 edition,  2494 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 22/09/2003
  Letter from the ECB President to the President of the Council of the European Union regarding the Opinion of the ECB of 19 September 2003 at the request of the Council of the European Union on the draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe,  84 kb, en
  
• 05/06/2003
  Letter from the ECB President to the President of the Convention regarding the draft Constitutional Treaty,  11 kb, en .  fr
  Annex: en  . fr
  
• 12/05/2003
  Accession countries: balance of payments/international investment position statistical methods,  4493 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 08/05/2003
  Letter from the ECB President to the President of the Convention regarding the draft Constitutional Treaty,  9 kb, en .  fr
  Annex: en  . da  . de  . el  . es  . fi  . fr  . it  . nl  . pt  . sv
  
• 05/05/2003
  Money, Banking and Financial Market Statistics in the Accession Countries, volume II,  1166 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 05/05/2003
  Money, Banking and Financial Market Statistics in the Accession Countries, volume I,  1321 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 13/02/2003
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, February 2003, p.51-62, Exchange rate regimes for emerging market economies,  75 kb, en
  
• 19/12/2002
  Review of the international role of the euro, 2002 edition,  486 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 30/08/2002
  Payment and securities settlement systems in accession countries,  4300 kb, en
  csv data: en
  Press release: en
• 25/08/2002
  Financial Sectors in EU Accession Countries,  1116 kb, en
  
• 11/07/2002
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, July 2002, p.51-63, The Eurosystem’s dialogue with EU accession countries,  170 kb, en
  
• 10/06/2002
  Bond markets and long-term interest rates in European Union accession countries,  2022 kb, en
  
• 15/02/2002
  Accession countries: balance of payments/international investment position statistical methods,  1129 kb, en
  
• 14/02/2002
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, February 2002, p.53-65, Recent developments in international co-operation,  115 kb, en
  
• 26/09/2001
  Review of the international role of the euro,  783 kb, en
  
• 30/04/2001
  Money and banking statistics in the accession countries: methodological manual,  1128 kb, en
  
• 11/01/2001
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, January 2001, p.57-75, The ECB’s relations with international organisations and fora,  203 kb, en
  
• 12/10/2000
  Article, Monthly Bulletin, October 2000, p.49-64, The ECB’s relations with institutions and bodies of the European Community,  161 kb, en
  
• 30/08/1999
  Payment systems in countries that have applied for membership of the European Union (Blue Book),  1948 kb, en
  Press release: en
• 17/08/1999
  Article, Monthly Bulletin August 1999, p.31-53, The international role of the euro,  180 kb, en
  
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